“I propose to speak about fairy-stories, though I am aware that this is a rash adventure. Faërie is a perilous land, and in it are pitfalls for the unwary and dungeons for the overbold.” ― J.R.R. Tolkien, On Fairy-stories
In The Princess and the Goblin, George MacDonald treats us to a rich imaginative adventure. Like Bilbo Baggins, however, we must be a bit uncomfortable to get the most out of it. This little tale is incredibly sophisticated, and to understand it best we must become little children again.
“…a little princess living in a castle in the mountains which is perpetually undermined, so to speak, by subterranean demons who sometimes come up through the cellars.” – GK Chesterton, George MacDonald 1929
As adults, we have learned too much to really understand the magic of true fairy tales. When Jesus said to let the little children come to Him, I believe that one of His meanings was that we must shed our worldly prejudices and return to child-like faith and innocence. In Princess and the Goblin, this is especially true, for us and for Princess Irene. In this fairy tale, childish wonder and awe are absolutely requisite for us to really “see” Grandmother. Even when she seems unsafe… remember, Aslan is not a tame lion and Gandalf afflicted the comfortable hobbits to awaken their desire for what is the true good.
C.S. Lewis said that George MacDonald baptized his imagination. In The Great Divorce, Lewis wrote MacDonald in as the ambassador from heaven. In his own writing and in Lewis’s treatment of him, I think that MacDonald has a gift for drawing back the veil between the spiritual world and the material world. It would be terrifying for us mere mortals to look on real angels and demons, and so, in the world of Faerie, they are disguised as goblins, fairies, elves, dwarfs, princesses and godmothers. This makes them accessible to us in a guise that we can tolerate.
In the opening lines of Princess and the Goblin, MacDonald tells us that Princess Irene is eight years old but will become “much older.” On a rainy day, Irene sneaks out of her royal rooms and explores her old country castle only to discover a really old grandmother in a hidden room. Irene immediately loves the old woman and trusts her. Most children share in Irene’s faith. Adult readers, however, are skeptical and uneasy with this mysterious creature. What is magical and fairy-like to children, is dark and witch-like to parents.
“The realm of fairy-story is wide and deep and high and filled with many things: all manner of beasts and birds are found there; shoreless seas and stars uncounted; beauty that is an enchantment, and an ever-present peril; both joy and sorrow as sharp as swords.” ― J.R.R. Tolkien, On Fairy-stories
Irene tells her nursemaid all about her newly discovered grandmother, only to not be believed. When Grandmother explains to Irene why the nurse cannot come to her room, we understand that it is because the nurse is not capable of believing. She has not been called up to the special hidden room because the old woman only reveals herself to those who will see and believe. Further, Grandmother tells Irene that she will be challenged in the days to come and that she will be tempted to think that all of this was just a dream. Grandmother promises that she will do all in her power to help Irene truly believe, but that ultimately the princess must choose of her own free will to persist in her belief. As readers, and readers of Narnia in particular, we hope that she is not like Susan Pevensie and that she has not grown so old that she cannot grow young again.
Readers of Lewis and J.R.R. Tolkien will delight in exploring the archetypes and source material for Narnia and Middle Earth in this robust little story. If we have eyes to see, we will see the parentage of Gandalf and Aslan in Grandmother. We will see that Grandmother is not tame and that she can’t be found when she doesn’t want to be. If we rightly understand the goblins as Curdie does, we will see Gollum in them. We will see those bitter and dark creatures as something that used to resemble humans before they went underground. If we wonder at the thread that Grandmother has spun for Irene and Curdie, we will notice how it resembles the rope of Galadriel and how it gives rescue and a way home to those who are lost and blind. If we listen to Curdie’s rhymes, we will be reminded of Bilbo and Gollum’s game, and we will know that both scenes are borrowed from Beowulf.
“I would venture to say that approaching the Christian Story from this direction, it has long been my feeling (a joyous feeling) that God redeemed the corrupt making creatures, men, in a way fitting to this aspect, as to others, of their strange nature. The Gospels contain a fairy-story, or a story of a larger kind which embraces all the essence of fairy-stories. They contain many marvels—peculiarly artistic, beautiful, and moving: ‘mythical’ in their perfect, self-contained significance; and among the marvels is the greatest and most complete conceivable eucatastrophe. But this story has entered History and the primary world; the desire and aspiration of sub-creation has been raised to the fulfillment of Creation. The Birth of Christ is the eucatastrophe of Man’s history. The Resurrection is the eucatastrophe of the story of the Incarnation. This story begins and ends in joy. It has pre-eminently the ‘inner consistency of reality’. There is no tale ever told that men would rather find was true, and none which so many sceptical men have accepted as true on its own merits. For the Art of it has the supremely convincing tone of Primary Art, that is, of Creation. To reject it leads either to sadness or to wrath.” ― J.R.R. Tolkien, Tolkien on Fairy-stories
In The Everlasting Man, G.K. Chesterton argues that all myths are true but that Christ is the Truth myth. According to Chesterton, we were wired for belief at our creation, so that we would be able to enter into the greatest act of faith: belief in Jesus Christ. As post-moderns, we tend to think of “myth” as being an untrue fairy story. Chesterton argues that old (and new) myths are true in that they point us to the true story of God, His creation, and His redemption of humanity. Our primal love of myth is us trying to remember what God wrote on our hearts before our birth. Myths are the echoes, albeit distorted, of Truth.
“When I read it as a child, I felt that the whole thing was happening inside a real human house, not necessarily unlike the house I was living in, which also had staircases and rooms and cellars.” – GK Chesterton, George MacDonald, 1929
This gorgeous story is ideal for children as young as you can get them. Real fairy tales like this are the best kind of nursery food to feast on. And, if you are lucky, your children will call out, “Again!” and, “Again!” giving them the chance to re-enter the magic many times over. If you can refrain from trying to make the story less scary, Irene may be able to take the children by the hand and lead them through this world that is more substantial than adults want to believe. This adventure will help to shape their moral imaginations and will prepare them to embrace the white magic of Good Friday and Easter Sunday.
“…I for one can testify to a book that has made a difference to my whole existence, which helped me to see things in a certain way from the start; a vision of things which even so real a revolution as a change of religious allegiance has substantially only crowned and confirmed.” – GK Chesterton, George MacDonald 1929
The version which I photographed for this review is part of the Illustrated Junior Library series. This out-of-print series is one of my favorite children’s series as most of the texts are unabridged and accompanied by gorgeous illustration. At the time of writing this, the price is around $30. I purchased my copy for less than $8. If you decide to look for this one, just be patient. The other version we love to recommend is from Living Book Press edition, find it here.
My family and I really enjoyed the unabridged Audible version of this book narrated by Ian Whitcomb. Best of all, if you buy the $.99 Kindle version, then the audio is just $2.99.
If you would like to do this as a book club with the little people in your life, try our book club guide for free!
